Last updated in May 2023.
A sustained recovery that will moderate
B1
LOW RISK for entreprise
-
Economic risk
-
Business environment risk
-
Political risk
-
Commercial risk
-
Financing risk
-
Economic risk
-
Business environment risk
-
Political risk
-
Commercial risk
-
Financing risk
Swipe to view more
GDP | USD1186.09bn (World ranking 16, World Bank 2021) |
Population | 273.75mn (World ranking 4, World Bank 2021) |
Form of state | Republic |
Head of government | Joko WIDODO (President) |
Next elections | February 2024, General elections (legislative, presidential, local) |

- Abundant natural resources (coal, petroleum, and copper ore along with agriculture)
- Resilient banking system owing to relatively high capital adequacy ratio and low level of NPLs
- Favorable demographics: large and young population as well as growing middle class
- Solid public finances and sound fiscal policies

- Weak legal system
- Inefficient tax administration and strong informal economy
- Growth dependent on raw commodity exports, especially to the slowing Chinese economy
- Serious infrastructure gap compared to regional peers
- Increasing inequality poses a threat to social cohesion and inclusive economic growth
- Low levels of educational spending
Trade structure by destination/origin
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
China
23.2%
![]() |
1 |
![]() |
United States
11.2%
![]() |
2 |
![]() |
Japan
7.7%
![]() |
3 |
![]() |
India
5.7%
![]() |
4 |
![]() |
Malaysia
5.2%
![]() |
5 |
![]() |
Trade structure by product
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
Coal, coke and briquettes
13.6%
|
1 |
11.7%
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
|
Fixed vegetable oils and fats, crude, refined or fractionated
12.8%
|
2 |
6.0%
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
|
Iron and steel
9.2%
|
3 |
5.9%
Iron and steel
|
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
4.1%
|
4 |
5.3%
Other industrial machinery and parts
|
Articles of apparel & clothing accessories
4.0%
|
5 |
4.2%
Office machines and automatic data processing machines
|
Collection Complexity
The Allianz Trade Collection Complexity Score provides a simple assessment of how easy it is to collect debt around the world. The 2022 edition covers 49 countries that represent nearly 90% of global GDP and 85% of global trade.
Contacts
Read our latest reports
-
Americas
-
Europe
-
Asia Pacific
-
Middle East
-
Africa