Growth prospects improve but public finances cause concern

BB2

MEDIUM RISK for enterprise

  • Economic risk

  • Business environment risk

  • Political risk

  • Commercial risk

  • Financing risk

  • Economic risk

  • Business environment risk

  • Political risk

  • Commercial risk

  • Financing risk

Last updated in July 2024.

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GDP
USD688bn (World ranking 21, World Bank 2022)
Population
37.6mn (World ranking 39, World Bank 2022)
Form of state
Parliamentary Republic
Head of government Donald TUSK (Prime Minister)
Next elections 2025, presidential
Strenghts
  • EU membership
  • Diversified sectoral external trade structure
  • Robust domestic demand
  • Resilient external finances
  • Sound business environment overall 
Weaknesses
  • Slow structural reform progress
  • Tendency towards pro-cyclical fiscal stimulus
  • Non-diversified regional external trade structure
  • High external debt burden

Trade structure by destination/origin

(% of total, annual 2022)

Exports Rank Imports
Germany 27.8%
1
20.9% Germany
Czech Republic 6.6%
2
13.1% China
France 5.7%
3
4.6% Italy
United Kingdom 4.8%
4
4.6% Russian Federation
Netherlands 4.6%
5
4.4% United States

Trade structure by product

(% of total, annual 2022)

Exports Rank Imports
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s. 9.4%
1
7.4% Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
Road vehicles 8.8%
2
7.2% Road vehicles
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. 6.3%
3
6.5% Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
Manufactures of metal, n.e.s 5.0%
4
4.9% Iron and steel
Other industrial machinery and parts 4.2%
5
4.4% Other industrial machinery and parts
The Allianz Trade Collection Complexity Score provides a simple assessment of how easy it is to collect debt around the world. The 2022 edition covers 49 countries that represent nearly 90% of global GDP and 85% of global trade.
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