Last updated in October 2022.
Strong stimulus, slow return to normal
A1
LOW RISK for entreprise
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
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GDP | USD4937.42bn (World ranking 3, World Bank 2021) |
Population | 125.68mn (World ranking 11, World Bank 2021) |
Form of state | Parliamentary government with a Constitutional Monarchy |
Head of government | Fumio Kishida (PM) |
Next elections | on or before 31 October 2025, House of Representatives |

- Robust external position (current account surplus, low public external debt etc.)
- JPY considered safe-haven currency
- Innovative industries and high-quality products
- Large financial surplus of non-financial corporations
- Developed country in a dynamic region

- Vulnerable to natural disasters
- Aging population
- Huge public debt and large public deficit
- Highly dependent on energy imports
Trade structure by destination/origin
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
China
21.6%
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1 |
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United States
18.0%
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2 |
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Taiwan
7.2%
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3 |
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South Korea
6.9%
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4 |
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China, Hong Kong SAR
4.7%
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5 |
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Trade structure by product
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
Road vehicles
17.9%
|
1 |
10.7%
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
|
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
13.8%
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2 |
9.0%
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
|
Specialised machinery
8.6%
|
3 |
5.9%
Gas, natural and manufactured
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Other industrial machinery and parts
5.4%
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4 |
5.8%
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
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Iron and steel
4.6%
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5 |
5.0%
Telecommunication and sound recording apparatus
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Collection Complexity
The Allianz Trade Collection Complexity Score provides a simple assessment of how easy it is to collect debt around the world. The 2022 edition covers 49 countries that represent nearly 90% of global GDP and 85% of global trade.
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