Between a long-term vision and short-term oil-fueled growth
LOW RISK FOR ENTERPRISE
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
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GDP |
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|
Population |
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Form of state | Monarchy | |
Head of government | King SALMAN bin Abdulaziz Al Saud | |
Next elections | None |

- Long-standing oil producer with spare capacity to increase output when needed, substantial negotiating power and significant financial buffers.
- Growth champion in 2022, virtually unscathed by the international crises of recent years with no major consequences on inflation and exchange rate.
- Seen as a financial partner and lender of last resort by a growing number of countries in the region with which it has been able to normalize relations.

- Dependence on international oil prices and shipping routes, with limited economic diversification aside from energy-adjacent sectors.
- Dependence on international oil prices and shipping routes, with limited economic diversification aside from energy-adjacent sectors.
- Data transparency, pluralism and governance remain below the average of high-income economies.
Trade structure by destination/origin
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
China
19.5%
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1 |
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India
10.0%
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2 |
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Japan
9.9%
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3 |
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Korea, Republic of
8.6%
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4 |
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United Arab Emirates
5.2%
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5 |
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Trade structure by product
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
65.5%
|
1 |
9.3%
Road vehicles
|
Plastics in primary forms
11.9%
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2 |
6.1%
Telecommunication and sound recording apparatus
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Organic chemicals
6.9%
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3 |
5.9%
Other industrial machinery and parts
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Gas, natural and manufactured
2.6%
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4 |
5.7%
Other transport equipment
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Fertilizers other than group 272
1.3%
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5 |
4.8%
Iron and steel
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Collection Complexity
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