From stalling funding negotiations to free fall
D4
HIGH RISK for enterprise
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
Last updated in May 2023.
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GDP | USD46.8bn (World ranking 88, World Bank 2021) |
Population | 11.94mn (World ranking 78, World Bank 2021) |
Form of state | Republic |
Head of government | President Kais Saied |
Next elections | 2024, presidential |

- Diversified economy with educated workforce and known capabilities in manufacturing, plastics, petrochemicals, transportation, agriculture and tourism
- Easy access to the European market and strategic position in the Mediterranean Sea
- Prospects for additional production of phosphates and fossil fuels

- Massive youth unemployment (~40%), coast-inland inequality, talent flight and fragile social stability
- Persistent institutional weakness following the 2011 Arab Spring, with the tourism sector permanently harmed by successive shocks
- Poor liquidity with mounting reputational issues from possible donors, including increasingly contentious interactions with the EU to contain illegal migration flows
Trade structure by destination/origin
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
France
24.1%
![]() |
1 |
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Italy
18.4%
![]() |
2 |
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Germany
12.8%
![]() |
3 |
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Spain
4.1%
![]() |
4 |
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Libya
3.9%
![]() |
5 |
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Trade structure by product
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
22.1%
|
1 |
11.6%
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
|
Articles of apparel & clothing accessories
13.6%
|
2 |
9.9%
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
|
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
6.4%
|
3 |
7.5%
Textile yarn and related products
|
Fixed vegetable oils and fats, crude, refined or fractionated
4.0%
|
4 |
6.0%
Road vehicles
|
Professional and scientific instruments, n.e.s.
3.8%
|
5 |
5.6%
Cereals and cereal preparations
|
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