Ghana
Only way forward is up
C4
HIGH RISK for entreprise
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
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Economic risk
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Business environment risk
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Political risk
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Commercial risk
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Financing risk
Last updated in January 2024.
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GDP | USD72.8bn (World ranking 77, World Bank 2022) |
Population | 33.5mn (World ranking 47, World Bank 2022) |
Form of state | Constitutional Democracy |
Head of state | Nana Akufo-Addo (President) |
Next elections | 2024, presidential and legislative |
- Established track record of good governance, with a functioning democratic system and peaceful transfer of power among political parties and strong economic growth
- Natural resource base (cocoa, gold, forestry etc.,) now supplemented by the discovery of commercially exploitable oil reserves
- Market-oriented policy framework and overall positive relations with international financial institutions
- Effects of the selective default in late 2022 and the relative restructuring have alienated businesses, while continuing twin deficits (fiscal and current account) require careful management
- High exposure to sell-off pressures in emerging economies with periodic risk of currency depreciation, FX reserve depletion and payment crisis
- While some safeguards are established, the capability to manage oil wealth is yet to be tested as well as spillover effects from prolonged regional instability
Trade structure by destination/origin
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
Switzerland
16.4%
|
1 |
25.9%
China
|
China
15.6%
|
2 |
7.1%
Nigeria
|
United States
9.0%
|
3 |
6.8%
United States of America
|
United Arab Emirates
8.5%
|
4 |
4.7%
India
|
India
7.9%
|
5 |
4.4%
United Kingdom
|
Trade structure by product
(% of total, 2021)
Exports | Rank | Imports |
---|---|---|
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
33.1%
|
1 |
9.3%
Road vehicles
|
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
32.6%
|
2 |
7.1%
Manufactures of metal, n.e.s.
|
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
11.8%
|
3 |
6%
Cereals and cereal preparations
|
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
3.5%
|
4 |
5.2%
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
|
Vegetables and fruits
2.5%
|
5 |
5.0%
Iron and steel
|
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